Examination of the dog's scrotum, testicles and reproductive tract. The dog's testicles are oval and arranged dorsally in the scrotum. The scrotal skin is thin, pigmented, and covered with hair, with many sweat glands and tiny subcutaneous fat. Normal dogs have two scrotal testicles, which are symmetrical, smooth, uniform in texture, and elastic. The size of the testicles can be checked by animal B-ultrasound. The epididymis, vas deferens, and spermatic cord can be observed by palpation for abnormalities.

Examination of the penis and foreskin. Palpate the penis and foreskin, extend the penis, and check the foreskin lining for inflammation, secretions, trauma, foreign matter, or lumps. Another examination is performed when the penis is erect to collect semen. Palpate the penis bone in a non-erect state to check for fractures and congenital abnormalities. Animal B-ultrasound can also be used as an auxiliary means for examination.

Prostate examination. It can be examined by rectal palpation. Lift the front half of the dog's body for easy palpation. Use the other hand to move the prostate in the isolated abdomen toward the rectum. The best way to examine the prostate is to use animal B-ultrasound. Animal B-ultrasound examination of the dog's prostate is an accurate diagnostic method.

Vaginal examination. Vaginal examination can be performed by visual examination and palpation. The vestibule can be observed by separating the labia with the thumb and index finger, but a vaginal opener must be used when visually examining the vagina and cervix. When examining the vagina and vaginal vestibule, attention must be paid to the color of the mucosa, secretions and their properties, and the presence or absence of herpes, nodules, erosions, ulcers, trauma, scar contraction, tumors, etc. If necessary, use animal B-ultrasound to examine it.